Apluda

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Apluda L.,. Sp. Pl. 82 (1753).

Derivation:.
From Latin apluda (chaff), alluding to the chaff-like groups of
spikelets.

Key references
(keys and floras):. G.Bentham, Flora Australiensis 7: 544 (1878);
E.E.Henty, Manual Grasses New Guinea 29 (1969); M.Lazarides, Tropical
Grasses S.E. Asia 18–19 (1980); W.D.Clayton & S.A.Renvoize, Genera
Graminum xx-xx (1986); D.ClayB.K.Simon, Key to Australian Grasses 66
(1993); D.Sharp and B.K.Simon, AusGrass (2002).

W.D.Clayton &
S.A.Renvoize, Genera Graminum (1986), genus (599).

Native. 1 species,
from tropical Asia to Torres Strait. Also New Guinea and Malesia.

Habit.
Perennial, decumbent (often scrambling). Culms herbaceous. Leaf blades narrow.

Inflorescence.
Inflorescence paniculate, an open panicle with branches ending in single
spikelets, open, spatheate (each naviculate spathe enclosing a raceme reduced
to a single joint, with 3 spikelets), a compound pseudo-inflorescence (to 1
sessile and 2 pedicelled spikelets). Spikelet-bearing axes much reduced,
clustered (at the tips of the usually fascicled branchlets), disarticulating at
joints (the whole triplet deciduous from the minute peduncle).

Spikelets.
Spikelets laterally compressed, 2 flowered, with 1 fertile floret, paired,
sessile and pedicelled (1 sessile and 2 pedicelled), in pedicelled/sessile
combinations (the pedicels flat and broad).

Glumes. Glumes
more or less equal, long relative to adjacent lemmas, awnless, dissimilar
(lower leathery, upper thinner and naviculate). Lower glume coriaceous, 11
nerved. Upper glume 3–5 nerved.

Florets.
Fertile florets 1. Lemmas less firm than glumes, not becoming indurated, entire
at apex or incised, mucronate or awned (entire and mucronate, or deeply
bilobed/awned), 1 nerved, not keeled. Awns when present 1, from a sinus,
geniculate, much shorter than body of lemma to much longer than body of lemma.
Awn bases not flattened. Palea very reduced, not indurated (hyaline), nerveless.
Callus blunt (large and bulbous). Lodicules 2. Stamens 2–3. Grain compressed
dorsiventrally. Pericarp thin. Embryo large. Pedicels free of rachis (flat and
broad forming, with the lower glume of pedicelled spikelet, a triangular box
around the sessile spikelet). Pedicelled spikelets present, sterile and male
(one male or bisexual, the other reduced to a small glume).

Kranz Anatomy.
C₄.

2n = 20
and 40, 2 and 4 ploid.

Habitat.
Mesophytic. Thickets and forest margins. Shade species.

Classification.
Panicoideae; Andropogoneae.

Notes. A
relative of Ischaemum with highly modified pedicels (Clayton &
Renvoize, 1986).

Types Species. A.
mutica L.

Biogeographic
Element. Clifford & Simon 1981, Simon & Jacobs 1990: Indo-Malayan.